An additional shielding cap may be used to further improve cut quality, and all the parts are held together by inner and outer retaining caps. The main consumable parts required for plasma arc generation are the electrode, swirl ring, and nozzle. Plasma torch – The function of the plasma torch is to provide proper alignment and cooling of the consumables. The plasma jet immediately reaches temperatures up to 40,000° F, quickly piercing through the work piece and blowing away the molten material. An electric arc generated from the external power supply is then introduced to this high pressured gas flow, resulting in what is commonly referred to as a “plasma jet”. The plasma arc formation begins when a gas such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon, or even shop air is forced through a small nozzle orifice inside the torch. A plasma cutter will use this electrically conductive gas to transfer energy from a power supply to any conductive material, resulting in a cleaner, faster cutting process than with oxyfuel. Now, if the heat levels increase again, the gases that make up the steam will become ionized and electrically conductive, becoming plasma. If the heat levels are increased, it will change again from a liquid to a gas (steam). For example, water will change from a solid (ice) to its liquid state when a certain amount of heat is applied. Matter changes from one state to the other through the introduction of energy, such as heat. We commonly think of matter having three states: a solid, a liquid, and a gas. To properly explain how a plasma cutter works, we must begin by answering the basic question “What is plasma? In its simplest terms, plasma is the fourth state of matter.
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